Saturday 28 December 2013

The First Annual Bouffant Productions Awards

Here ye, here ye! Gather round, for it's that time of the year that hasn't ever occurred before. It's the First Annual Bouffant Productions Awards!

Best Show of the Year
Runners Up
 - Game of Thrones
 - House of Cards
 - The Walking Dead

And the Winner is...

Breaking Bad

Yes it comes as no surprise that Breaking Bad won. But the swan song of Walter White deserved to win with the most astonishing episode of television this millennium, Ozymandias. The Walking Dead was a fantastic first half of season 4, and I look forward to the next half next year. IT was unsurprising how great Game of Thrones was, but it also had the very depressing Red Wedding, and so I always find it hard to re-watch a series when one episode is so depressing (see Dexter's finale season).

Worth A Mention
 - House of Cards

Netflix's political drama was not something I ever expected to watch, but from it's very first scene I was hooked. If American politics isn't your cup of tea, do it for Kevin Spacey's southern accent and ruthless determination.


Best Film of the Year
Runners Up
 - Star Trek Into Darkness
 - Monsters University
 - The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug

And the Winner is...

Gravity

Probably another no-brainer, but watching Gravity up on the big screen in 3d was definitely the greatest cinema experience of the year. Whilst it might not hold the same weight on the small 2d screen, it will always hold the number 1 spot for me for 2013.

Worth A Mention
 - Fast and Furious 6

I've said it before and I'll say it again, the Fast and Furious franchise is great. The stories are simple, the acting isn't going to win any oscars, but god damn are those films fun. And with Paul Walker's death, I think he deserves this.


Best Game of the Year
Runners Up
 - Assassin's Creed 4: Black Flag
 - GTA V
 - Tomb Raider

And the Winner is...

The Last of Us

Never before have I spent so long wandering round and admiring the scenery in such a linear game. The Last of Us has an unparalleled level of brilliance, even with GTA V, I just found myself so much more immersed in The Last of Us's world. Congratulations Naughty Dog, you once again did a brilliant job!

Worth a Mention
 - The Wolf Among Us

Telltale proved with The Wolf Among Us that they have found the same art to storytelling that Naughty Dog found with Uncharted and The Last of Us. I decided to mention TWAU over The Walking Dead season 2 because everyone knew that WD would be great, but no one knew if TWAU would carry that same level of power.


Best Song of the Year
(with this award, things will be a little different. I'm going to pick the song of the year that I came across this year, regardless of whether it came out this year or not.)
Runners Up
 - 1977 by Ana Tijoux
 - Bang Bang by Will I Am
 - Not Your Kind of People by Garbage

And the Winner is...

Kiss of Fire by Hugh Laurie and the Copperbottom Band

Hugh Laurie is not the sort of man that most would think of as a musician, but by God can he play! Having had the good fortune to see him play twice now (the first at his very first show in London in an old church and getting the opportunity to sit 3 foot away from him) I can honestly say he puts on one hell of a show.

Worth a Mention
 - Odds Are by Barenaked Ladies

I'm recommending this song, because I was in the music video! When I went to visit Rooster Teeth in 2011 for the very first RTX, we shot a video where we all dressed up as zombies and advanced on Geoff and Gus, and when Barenaked Ladies asked Rooster Teeth to shoot their music video, they reused the footage! Plus its a really cheerful and catchy song.


Best Book of the Year
(again with this one, I don't tend to read current books, so it's whatever book I read this year that I enjoyed)
Runners Up
 - Batman: Year One by Frank Miller
 - The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Nighttime by Mark Haddon
 - A Storm of Swords by George R R Martin

And the Winner is...

Never Go Back by Lee Child

Plain and Simple, because I love Lee Child books. Jack Reacher is freaking awesome!

Worth a Mention
-The Masque of Anarchy by Percy Bysshe Shelley

Yeah its a poem, but it's the best poem I've ever read. So go read it.

And that wraps up this years Bouffant Productions Awards. Congratulations to all that were nominated. Hope you all strive to be even better in 2014.

And to all my readers, have a great New Year and I'll see you in 2014.

Saturday 21 December 2013

Finale

Spoiler warning, I'm going to be talking about Homeland and some other shows, but not just yet.

December has a funny way of making you reflect on life, I mean, just because it's the final month of the year, it shouldn't really hold any great value for retrospective. But it does, and I always find myself looking back over the years accomplishments and failures, which in turn usually leads to me summing the year up by one positive or negative factor. 2008 saw me getting a good job, starting university, and turning 18, but it also saw me getting dumped in January, and so now I always think of 2008 as a bad year, when if I think about it, it held many more positive memories than most years.

So when I turn my gaze back over 2013, I foremost find myself thinking that I never really got the hang of writing 2013 down. It may sound foolish to most people, but I thought that if I mocked the whole "mayan 2012 doomsday" thing, then life would go about enacting it out of spite towards me. So for a few years, I didn't know if I would make it to 2013, and now that we've come to the end of it, I never really thought it would happen.

But more importantly, I find myself thinking that 2013 has been quite a waste. Even though I've written and illustrated a graphic novel (which I promise is still finding it's way into the public), worked my way through a Masters degree, and got myself a job I genuinely enjoy everyday, I still think of the year on a whole as a let down. I feel like I haven't taken the chance to properly squeeze this year for what it was worth, perhaps because there have been more than a handful of negative moments peppered throughout the year, and I just can't take my mind off them, or perhaps its another sign that I'm becoming a different person. In July I wrote down a list of 10 things I wanted to do in the next year, and I planned to make at least half of them a reality. So far I have crossed off 2 of them; get a job and make new friends. Frankly I didn't expect to cross that second one off so soon, or at all, but I guess that I have my job to thank for that. I know I work with some truly bizarre and wonderful people, and I'm really happy to have met all of them. Some of the things on my list I know won't happen. Number 6's "Live in York or somewhere nice" I know can't happen if I still want to work in my current job, with it's apprentice wage I can't afford to spend the money I make renting somewhere. But I knew I wouldn't get all of them done, and that is the magic of it. Whilst most people make their yearly resolutions in the December/January period, I didn't want to be stuck with that constant reminder every time I saw a calendar, and I didn't want to get to next December and think about all the stuff I didn't manage to do... which I'm actually doing now anyway, so maybe I need to tweak the system a little.

But I'm a silver-linings kind of guy. If I'm feeling down now, then I want to use this memory as an example in the new year that by December 2014 I will be on my way to the person I want to be. The moments I spend doing things that aren't taking advantage of my full potential will be the moments I purge from 2014 me, then by 2015 I'll be able to look back at this year as the year I corrected my course. I want to be able to look back at the things I don't like about myself, like the fear I feel when an opportunity presents itself, and be relieved that I overcame that. I want to Carpe that Diem right in the face!

Anyway, I did say I would talk about Homeland, and I've been psyching myself up all week to talk about this, so here goes. (Spoilers ahead Cap'n!)
The finale of season 3 of Homeland aired last sunday, and if I hadn't already been told that they were commissioned for a fourth season, I might have come away happier. I wasn't angered that Brody was hanged in the Middle East in front of the mother of his unborn baby, to be honest it was the only real ending he could have had. When his name was picked out of the raffle of life, Brody got a shitty deal, and whilst everything he did in season 1 was done out of manufactured, misguided love to a terrorist's child's death, there wasn't really any kind of redemption that would allow him to walk the streets of America as an innocent man. He had to die, I understand that, I accept that, but knowing that season 4 is going to continue a story that revolved around him just seems wrong. Sure, the first half of the season did a pretty good job at showing a world without Brody, but that was only because everyone was sat on the edge of their seat waiting to see how Saul and Carrie would end up crossing paths with him in the future. To continue the story with him dead would just seem fractured.
I mean, they could always do the old classic "he didn't die really" in the first few episodes of the next season, but I feel like Game of Thrones has bullied all the other shows into packing that in. Either you kill your characters off for good, or you're a pussy! But sometimes that's what we need from a show. We watch these programs to escape from our lives, same with gaming or reading books, we need to experience something other than the lives we were given. But does that mean we have to be tied to the same shitty circumstances that keep our real lives in line? We loved Brody, we knew he was fucked up from all the crap he went through, but he was the reason we watched. Carrie had her suspicions, and we watched to see whether she was right or wrong, and that has been the defining quality of the show. Even in the penultimate episode of season 3, no one could be sure that Brody hadn't decided to shun his homeland and just stick with the people who had welcomed him in with open arms. I don't know what the show would be without that, and I imagine a lot of people will feel the same way.

So maybe Brody will make a return to our screens next September, until then we have Sherlock on new years day, Game of Thrones next spring, hopefully the new series of 24 sometime in the summer/autumn, and the finale of How I Met Your Mother in March. Maybe I will have the time to watch these shows in-between my new uber-productive life.

Have a great christmas guys, I might try and make another post before next year, but if not then I hope we all make 2014 the best damn year ever!

Toodle Pip!

Sunday 1 December 2013

Paul Walker

It is with grave news that I come here today. Paul Walker, actor from the Fast and Furious franchise, died yesterday. I don't know why I felt the need to write something about an actor whose only role I have watched is a series of fast car films. It saddens me to know that because he died in a car crash, the bastards of the internet will go to town with stupid FF jokes, when really we all should remember the man for all his achievements. The FF films were never going to win any awards, but it was because of that that I loved them. They were cheesy and predictable and easy, but they were enjoyable and fun. I built friendships from my love of these films, and they helped more than once to cheer me up in difficult times. The Fast and Furious franchise has had a tendency in the past to mix and match it's main protagonists, and for that I believe they will be able to move on past Walker's untimely demise, but part of the magic will be gone too. I will miss the FBI-turned-streetracer, and I wonder how they will handle his death. But even if they simply decide to scrap the 7th film, I will be happy, because Paul and his friends picked me up when times were hard, they made me happier than most films could dare to dream.
Goodbye Paul Walker. You shall be missed

Saturday 16 November 2013

Life, the Universe and Everything

I know, I know, I keep promising regularity to this blog and then leaving it dead in the wind for weeks at a time. All I can say is that my life has changed a lot recently, and it's because of that that I haven't had as much time for the things I need to start focusing a little more on.
           When I look back on my life, I tend to categorise every year into some sort of theme. The last 3 years have been the Manchester Trilogy (3 academic years I should say, although that goes against what I just said, but its the categorising part that's important), 2008 was the year of moving forward. 2010 was the year I realised that life can flip itself upside-down without a moments notice. And this year, well I don't really know what I'm calling this year.
           In some respects this year has been one of the most important years of my life, bringing with it massive changes some of which I hadn't expected, but strangely its those massive changes that have brought my life back towards what it used to be like 4 years ago. I feel more and more like the Manchester Trilogy was a chance for me to take a hiatus from life. I mean, whilst I did get stuff done (a Masters degree for one), I didn't really have many responsibilities or goals. That's not to say it wasn't worth it, some of the best moments of my life happened during that time, and I wouldn't want to change those for anything. But now I'm working in a job that I honestly love, with people who are brilliant and insane and fucking ace, but I'm in a job designed for people much younger than myself. I crave for the next part of life to be upon me, I want the job, the house, the girlfriend/wife, and it somewhat dampens the joy of work when I know that what I seek is still years away. As an apprentice, I'm making less than £100 a week, it's not even enough to move out and live with friends, at least not with any hope of affording food as well. It kind of sucks to think that if a better paid job came along, I'd probably have to just go for that instead. But I guess thats what I get for stepping away from life for 3 years, I have to pick up where I left off. Like I said though, I'm glad I did it, when I found out I had diabetes in 2010, I didn't know what I was going to do, so I decided to take every day as it comes, no planning ahead, no worrying about the future. At the time it was the right decision for me, it gave me the chance to just relax a little and do what I wanted to do, which was get drunk a lot and play video games. But in the final months of my last relationship, it became ever more apparent to me and her that I needed to get back to normality, and whilst that didn't come in time to save our relationship, I'm glad to be able to start afresh. Unfortunately, our friendship didn't last, which is unsurprising as going from lovers to friends isn't that straightforward, and whilst she probably hates me right now, I'm glad to know that she is ok and getting on with her life. Just like I needed to put more focus on myself, and that just wasn't possible with her in my life. If she is out there reading this, then I hope she doesn't take offence to that.
            As for the girlfriend part of my big plan, I don't really know what to do. Enough time has passed now that I'm ready for someone new, I think my life has started to stabilise a lot more than it was a few months ago, but I don't really know how to go about it. I wouldn't ever class myself as a shy person, I just properly suck at the whole "conversation" part. Whenever I'm talking to someone I don't know too well, I end up drawing a blank on what to say. My mind will be telling me to talk about what I know, but I know a lot about American sitcoms, video games, and drinking, and I know that half of the stuff I would say would bore the shit out of them. And thats just when it comes to conversation, I'm clueless when it comes to picking up women. Theres a girl at work that I'm quite into, but I have no idea how to approach the situation, or even if I should. People always say "don't shit where you eat", and I wouldn't want to screw the situation up at work. But then some other less educated people like to scream YOLO as they get arrested, so who the fuck knows what the right course of action is.
         Going back to work, I've been there for almost a month, and already I've got some interesting things on the horizon. For a business admin role, I've been tasked with making a live action comic book video to detail what we do in our part of the company for our 10th anniversary company meeting in January. It's gonna completely take over my life, but if I do a good enough job, maybe they'll consider that bit more about keeping me on when my apprenticeship runs out. As it stands right now, I want to either stick with this company for the foreseeable future (getting paid more hopefully) or I want to move to York with my friends. If the outcome is the former, then great, I'd love to keep working there. If it's the latter, then I'd want to know that I'm going to walk into a new job as soon as I get there, lest the whole experience turn into another Manchester scenario, and my liver would thank me greatly if that wasn't the case.

      Anyway, talk over. Like I keep saying, this is a blog about me, I needed to write this. Perhaps next time I'll talk about the epic Assassin's Creed 4 ship battle I had against 3 Man of War ships in the middle of a storm. Maybe I'll go into depth about this little crush of mine at work (although not if anyone from work reads this). I don't know what it is people seek from my blog, I'd suggest leaving a comment if there was something you found more interesting, but I'm still surprised to see the hit counter on here going up between my updates. It appears someone out there is reading, so if that person is you, then feel free to leave me a comment. Say hi, or tell me to go fuck myself, or something in between.

Toodle pip for now m'dears!

Monday 14 October 2013

Remix

This isn't a big update (as you can probably already tell), but I came across this remix of one of the songs from Final Fantasy 7 (one of my favourite games of all time) and I've had it on repeat for most of today. So I thought it best to sharey sharerson with you guys. It's by a chap called Evil Needle, whilst his name may fill your pants with mess, his music is very chilled. It's great to listen to if you're just getting on with work, I've been listening to more of his stuff whilst I continued to work on some of my drawings.

CLICKEDY HERE

Friday 11 October 2013

Good times!

So yeah, I think it's safe to say that I'm pretty terrible at remembering to update this frequently.
However, that should be about to change. You see, I am a creature of habit, I need a routine in my life to keep the equilibrium happy. Whilst I was working on my graphic novel (more on that soon) I had a routine, get up at 9, work all day, then get drunk and sleep. Then I finished working on it and needed to find a job.
Well, on wednesday I got offered an apprenticeship! So on the 21st I start work!
I've been putting a lot of things off until I had a job, such as exercise and writing on a day to day basis. It was quite a feeble excuse, but I wanted to have my routine set before I started adding these things into my life, and now that I have the job, I want to get back into getting my shit together. That includes updating this blog with whatever I want to talk about.
Today I got the results for my graphic novel, Second Solace, from my Master's tutor. So now the next step is to do a couple of tweaks to it over the next week before I start work, and then get it thrown into as many publishers faces as I possibly can and hope that someone somewhere thinks it's half decent. If that fails, then I'll be looking into Kickstarter, and if that fails, it's going up as an e-book on amazon. Regardless of the outcome, I'm getting it published!
On a completely different note, I played the first part of telltale's "The Wolf Among Us" game. I don't know what they're drinking over at telltale, but man can those guys write! I've never heard of Fables before, but I picked it up solely because of telltales' track record with excellent storytelling, and I was not disappointed. Well, I was when I came to the end and remembered that awful feeling of having to wait over a month for part 2.
Anyway, for my extended absence from blogging, please accept this delightful picture of Guybrush Threepwood that I knocked up today. It's part of a series of pictures I'm hoping to do on many of my favourite characters (whether that be film, game or tv etc.) which I would like to one day get printed up onto canvas to stick up around my abode.

Anyway, toodlepip for now you wonderful bunch of people!

Wednesday 2 October 2013

I return!

Yes, that's right folks, I'm back!
Sorry I've been gone so long, partly it was because I just forgot, but the times when I remembered, I couldn't think of anything to say.
But now I do have something to say, and its on the topic of finales

SPOILER ALERT

I will be talking about the finales of LOST, Breaking Bad, and Dexter. You have been warned.

Breaking Bad finished this week, and I can honestly say I couldn't pick fault at it. I know some people werent super pleased that Walt essentially got what he wanted, after everything he has done, but I was ok with it, because ever since his hair grew back he kinda stopped being Hiesenberg. So I liked that there were parts of Walt returning.

Dexter, on the other hand, had quite the depressing finale. I don't know if it's because it's final season aired alongside the final season of Breaking Bad, but the whole season felt a little underwhelming. I know that the show has seen a decline in writing performance since season 4 ended, but the stories were always interesting and unique. But I think everyone expected the final season to see Dexter go up against the people he worked for for so long. It may have been unsurprising, but I think that that is what the show needed to do. We all knew he couldn't get away with murdering people forever. But regardless, it was an interesting story, and an interesting (yet depressing) finale. Deb suffered at the actions of Dexter, and in the shows final scenes, he drops her lifeless body into the ocean before sailing off into a storm. Then right at the end we see the shell of his former self sitting in an empty room, completely lost.

But here is my main point that I wanted to talk about.

Damon Lindelof was one of the creators of LOST, and on Monday morning he retweeted hundreds of people admiring the finale of Breaking Bad and telling him that is how you end a show. He later went on to write a blog about how he is done with trying to defend his show and it's finale. I feel sorry for the man, I loved LOST, and whilst I was upset that there were several things that were left unexplained, I can't fault him for the direction he took his show in. I like to write, and if one day I get around to writing my own book or show, I would expect people to respect my creative decisions. If I had made LOST, I would have focused more on attempting to survive on an island, rather than the supernatural aspects, but that it would have been more like Castaway.

I feel sorry that so many people think its ok to just blatantly insult Lindelof about his decisions when it was their own choice to sit and watch 6 seasons of his show. To give him credit over Breaking Bad, at least no one guessed how LOST would end. I don't know anyone who watched Breaking Bad that thought Walt would survive. Same goes for all the people insulting Dexter's finale, no one thought Dexter would be left alone in a woodcutter's house.

I guess my point is this, I will never insult a television show/book/film's creative decisions. It's not my place, I might not be left happy afterwards, but at the end of the day, it is their choice how they end their work, not mine. I didn't like the incestuous side plot that Dexter teased, but it certainly got people talking about the show, and that's the point of including it. If they didn't take risks, no one would have watched it past the first episode.

Speaking of excitement, Second Solace chapter one has been submitted to my tutors, and in 9 days I will get my results. I'll then spend a few weeks making it as good as possible before it goes out into the big wide world.

Toodles

Sunday 21 July 2013

It's been a while...

It's been a while since I last posted something on here. I've had somewhat of a hectic month, I've spent almost all of my time working on Second Solace and I've made some real progress with it. But in this last month I've moved across the country and split up with my girlfriend. It's been a real change to my life, and it is one that I am both afraid by, and excited about.
I wanted to sit down and write something, and I think the reason I have finally decided to is not because I feel like it is the right thing, but because I decided to do this blog for me and about the things that I would want to read about. So whilst I won't mention the details on my break up, I will say that honestly, I'm ok.
I've been thinking a lot about the future recently, I guess it makes sense as my life has changed so much recently. I said I was scared by the changes, and I would say that that is because right now, I have no idea what the future holds for me. Once the 19th of September roles around I will be officially done with my Masters, and whilst I plan to continue working on Second Solace until I feel it is of a sellable standard, I will no longer be able to put all my time into it.
I have always said that to be happy, I need to have at least 2 of my 3 key pillars of life. They are 1- Where I am living, 2 - Who I am living with, and 3 - What I am doing. Whilst I was in Manchester I had my girlfriend, my flat and my masters, so all in all I was happy. But now for the most part I have none of these things. Sure I'm living at my old house, but living independently is a hard thing to give up once you have it.
So it has been this thought, more than the breakup, that has weighed on my mind. Looking back at the relationship, I can see where there were problems, and I have resolved things in that aspect. But being in Manchester always felt like the logical step forward, it is a societal hub, a place where an aspiring writer/artist can find his place. But Scarborough hasn't got that excitement to it.
One of the things I've been thinking about so much recently is what I will do, I've had it with silly student jobs where I feel like I'm going nowhere, and I get that jobs these days are hard to come by, but it would be foolish of me to give up hope before I've started. So I've been trying to come up with a plan. Firstly, I would like to move out, preferably to York as I don't see the need to get a flat in the same town that I could live for cheaper with family. I think if I decide to move it would be by myself, living with friends was fun, but it really put a strain on the friendship at times, and going back to friends after living with a partner would feel like a step back that I don't want to take. And in all honesty I think I have the type of personality that could live alone.
For a job, I've been looking into apprenticeships, whilst they pay less they do offer more opportunities to shine. Although I doubt I could afford a flat off the salary of an apprentice.
So there are a few things to work out, but that will come with time.
I'm sorry that to every one of you that stumbles across this for the topic of bloggery. But like I said before, this is my blog, and sometimes you've just got to write about what is on your mind, even if it isn't an interesting subject to most people.
I'm still working hard on Second Solace, but I'll try and find the time to be a little more regular on this.
Anyway, farewell for now
:)

Monday 24 June 2013

Update

I just wanted to make a quick update here to say that progression on second solace is going slowly but surely. I'll be posting a few pages up in the following weeks as an example for what I want to tell.

Thursday 13 June 2013

Work

Since I have now finished all my Uni work (excluding the graphic novel) I thought I may as well post them online, perhaps if you come across them you may be compelled to try something similar, or maybe not.
 So here first is my research proposal in How Graphic Novels engage in Political Debates
Hope you enjoy.


Aims and Objectives
I propose to produce a comprehensive study into the graphic novel and to explore how they have engaged in political debates over the past three decades. I shall begin by examining graphic novels such as “V for Vendetta”, “Persepolis”, “Maus”, “Watchmen”, and “When the Wind Blows”, looking at how they engage in debates around topics such as sexism, racism, anarchy and oppression. My research for the study will involve reading journal articles and interviews with graphic novel writers such as Alan Moore, Art Spiegelman, Frank Millar, Neil Gaiman and Joe Sacco, in order to gain insight into the reasons why they told the stories in the manner they chose.
I will then discuss whether these graphic novels still hold the same relevance in society today as they did when they were published. In conjunction with this I shall also discuss whether we could take a retrospective look at these graphic novels and apply their values to modern society. With this, I hope to expose the debates amongst graphic novels to a greater audience, thus encouraging readers to view the graphic novel as a serious form of literature rather than as light-hearted literature for children. This should allow the graphic novel to be used more widely in education, at first as a more basic level for teaching English, but also as a method of teaching students about certain political and historical issues. For example, through the use of Art Spiegelman’s “Maus”, students are able to gain an insight into the Holocaust without being exposed to some of the more graphic photographs taken from that era.

Title of Project
The title I have chosen for my project is ‘How graphic novels engage in political debates.’

Description of Project that is accessible to a general audience
The graphic novel has been around in its current form for over seventy years. It has expanded exponentially across the globe in many forms. The incredibly popular Japanese “Manga”, differing mostly from western graphic novels by its distinct art style of round faces and wide eyes, has spread across the world, spawning Anime series from its comic books, and comic books from its Anime series, not to mention countless video games, toys, books, DVDs and more from its series. By 2009, Manga had amassed over 5 billion dollars in Japan alone.
            The graphic novel has a strong influence in modern day education, particularly for children and adults wishing to learn English. The visual aid of a blend of written word and graphic medium helps the student understand the language, as they force the reader to think, and become involved in the transition between panels. An article in the “Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics” written by Shari Sabeti had this to say on the subject:
            There has been much press recently about the introduction of comics and graphic novels into higher education. They are now part of the undergraduate English course at Dundee University and Napier University is offering a course in the composition of graphic novels as part of their Creative Writing MA. The University of Creative Arts in South East England runs a BA in Graphic Storytelling and Comic Art.” (Sabeti. 138)
 In North America there are various colleges, which offer courses on creating comics and graphic novels, and there is a National Association of Comics Educators who support the teaching of comics alongside the more conventional literary texts.
            Thanks to the comic and graphic novel, the comic-book convention known as ‘Comic Con’ has now turned global with over twenty different Comic Cons held across the world, the largest accommodating over one hundred and twenty thousand people. ‘The Penny Arcade Expo’ (PAX) was started by the online comic series Penny Arcade and has now run for nine years, growing exponentially every year. Both PAX and Comic Con have developed so much that many film and television companies use them as an opportunity to announce new projects and show off unseen footage. Many actors and directors of recent superhero films take this as a chance to meet loyal fans of their work.
With the growth of comic book-inspired films in the past two decades, over seven billion dollars has been generated alone from just the top twenty, although the list spans more than one hundred and is growing every year. One of America’s biggest television shows “The Walking Dead” owes its success to the ongoing graphic novel series of the same name. Some of the biggest television shows and films such as the hugely popular “Game of Thrones” and “Star Wars” are venturing into the graphic novel to tell their stories in a new fashion. Some of the biggest video games of the last decade have come from popular graphic novels like “The Walking Dead”.
With the boom of the Internet over the past few decades, many graphic novelists have sought the benefits of self-publication on the Internet. They can use the power of the Internet for their comic and graphic novel series in the form of weekly updates on a continuing story, or crowd sourcing websites where members of the public are given the opportunity to donate money towards their projects.
However there still remains a stigma attached to the graphic novel that their stories consist of naught but superheroes born from a different era that must save the innocent. Many believe they are targeted towards children. An article in The Times in 2009 brought attention to the fact that the Edinburgh Napier University had chosen to include a course in graphic novels. It bore the headline:  
“Holy academia, Batman! Scots universities offer courses in comics”, (Maxwell) thus implying the stereotype to its readers that the idea is juvenile.
But that is simply not the case.  Graphic novels such as “Watchmen” and “V for Vendetta” convey stories ripe with important political arguments, and indeed the graphic medium has had a close relationship with politics through political cartoons since the early twentieth century.
Whilst there are other studies available that cover aspects of my proposed research study, I found most covered the topic quite superficially.  Therefore my intention is to provide a unique and comprehensive assessment of the relationship between the graphic novel and politics, exploring the relevance of past and present themes and values on society today and whether these are used to their full extent in education.
Research Context
Over the past forty years, the graphic novel has fought its way into the innermost circle of literature. No longer are they stories about superheroes saving the innocent read by children and comic book fans. These days, their stories cover a vast range of exciting and thought provoking topics that, thanks to their use of the graphic medium, express another dimension of storytelling in a way that other forms of literature cannot.

            Alan and Anarchy
Alan Moore’s “V for Vendetta” is set in a dystopian United Kingdom future in which a totalitarian government is brought down by an anarchist named “V”. It is a story that covers the political viewpoints of anarchism, fascism and xenophobia.
Alan Moore has become one of the biggest names in the graphic novel industry, having written classics such as “V for Vendetta” and “Watchmen”. He is often referred to as the greatest graphic novel writer in history and one of the most important British writers in the last fifty years. He identifies politically as an anarchist, and such views are greatly expressed in “V for Vendetta” in which the revolutionist “V” dons a Guy Fawkes mask as he reins anarchy on a totalitarian government. 
Alan Moore’s critically acclaimed “Watchmen” explores the outcome of placing superheroes into a real world setting. The story takes place in an alternate universe where America and Russia stand dangerously close to the brink of nuclear war. The graphic novel’s real superhero, Dr. Manhattan, a man transformed by nuclear radiation into a blue superhuman capable of many superhero feats, such as the ability to blow up an entire city using only his mind, represents America’s nuclear superpower. In the graphic novel, he single-handedly wins the war for America against Vietnam offering an alternate history:
What would have happened in a world where the United States used its nuclear arsenal early and often?”(Stokes, par. 8)
“From Hell” is another graphic novel from the writer Alan Moore, this time delving into the theory that the Jack the Ripper murders were part of a conspiracy set up to hide the birth of a royal baby. Queen Victoria, ashamed by Prince Albert Victor’s marriage to Annie Crook and the child they conceive together, orders her royal physician Sir William Gull to destroy Annie’s sanity:
 Queen Victoria is the picture of the stern monarch, intent upon keeping any scandal at bay. She prefers not to know the method, only the successful outcome, of the elimination of the potential embarrassment. She is England; stern, inflexible, and paranoid.” (Gafford, par. 12).
Many would say that this analogy of Britain holds true today, as can be seen in Raymond Brigg’s “When the Wind Blows”, which I will discuss in depth later. It appears that most people do not care for the details of the path taken, so long as the end result is one we find desirable. We are becoming a paranoid nation, thanks in the most part to the tabloids and news channels. Even though there are many places in the world that suffer devastation on a daily basis, we seem to continue to turn our heads until the moment the devastation hits home.
There is a quotation in the foreword for the graphic novel “V for Vendetta” from Alan Moore written in 1988 about the changes in England over the seven years it took him to create the book:
 “It’s 1988 now. Margaret Thatcher is entering her third term of office and talking confidently of an unbroken Conservative leadership well into the next century… the tabloid press are circulating the idea of concentration camps for persons with AIDS.” He then goes on to say, “The government has expressed a desire to eradicate homosexuality, even as an abstract concept, and one can only speculate as to which minority will be the next legislated against.” (Moore. 6)
The era Moore speaks of is now a quarter of a century ago, and whilst thankfully there no longer remains even the slightest whisper of talk over AIDS concentration camps, homosexuality is still hounded by homophobia in certain aspects of life. As of May 2013, there are only ten states in America that have legalised same-sex marriages. In 2008, a study showed that nearly one in seven of the gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender community reported living in fear of homophobic violence.
In “V for Vendetta”, the idea of a world under constant surveillance was one that existed only in Alan Moore’s mind, but as of 2011, a study showed that the United Kingdom is watched by a network of nearly two million cameras.
Since the graphic novel’s release, the Guy Fawkes mask has been adopted as the symbol of many protesters such as the internet-based group ‘Anonymous’. During an interview with Entertainment Weekly following the protests against the Church of Scientology in 2008, Alan Moore stated that he was:
 “Quite heartened the other day when watching the news to see that there were demonstrations outside the Scientology headquarters over here, and that they suddenly flashed to a clip showing all these demonstrators wearing V for Vendetta Guy Fawkes masks. That pleased me.” (Gopalan, 5: par. 2)
In 2006, a film adaptation of “V for Vendetta” was release, co-written by the Wachowski Brothers and directed by James McTeigue. The context of the film was different to that of the graphic novel which had been released almost twenty years prior.  The film was:
 An allegory for life in George W. Bush’s America, and an unwavering critique of his administration and its policies (both domestic and foreign) surrounding the war on terror.” (Miguel, 3).  Director James McTeigue stated in an interview that he:
 “Felt the [graphic] novel was very prescient to how the political climate is at the moment. It really showed what can happen when society is ruled by government, rather than the government being run as a voice of the people’’(Miguel, 3).

Miller, Terror and Occupy
            After the events of 9/11 in New York and the 7/7 bombings in London a few years later, the topic of terror was high in the public’s eye. Much like the infamous vigilante, Guy Fawkes, with whom he likens his appearance to by using a mask, the character ‘V’ in “V for Vendetta” plots the destruction of Parliament. In the eyes of the public, he would be branded a terrorist. During an interview, James McTeigue said:
 I think rather than just come out and call him a terrorist, I think you have to look behind the veil and see what creates people like that. Then if you take that line, is it right to call Nelson Mandela a terrorist? Is it right to call Che Guevara a terrorist? There’s been a lot of historical figures that, at the time, depending on what regime they’re fighting against, are called a lot of different things. I think V falls in that milieu of lots of different people.” (Wikispaces, par. 4).
            During the Occupy Wall St in 2011, thousands of Americans rallied together to protest against the corporate influence on democracy and the lack of legal consequences for the people responsible for the increasing inequality in wealth. Like the protests against Scientology in 2008, many of the protestors took up the Guy Fawkes mask from Alan Moore’s “V for Vendetta” as they began their protests against Wall Street. Alan Moore, who asked for his name to be removed from any film adaptations of his work since “League of Extraordinary Gentlemen” claimed in an interview with The Beat on the topic of “V for Vendetta” that he doesn’t:
“Own the baby anymore. The baby is one I put a great deal of love into, a great deal of passion and then during a drunken night it turned out that I'd sold it to the gypsies and they had turned out my baby into a life of prostitution. Occasionally they would send me increasingly glossy and well-produced pictures of my child as she now was, and they would very, very kindly send me a cut of the earnings.” (Beat, par. 27).
But, just as when the Guy Fawkes mask was used in the protests against Scientology in 2008, he stated in an interview with the guardian that:
"I suppose when I was writing V for Vendetta I would in my secret heart of hearts have thought: wouldn't it be great if these ideas actually made an impact? So when you start to see that idle fantasy intrude on the regular world… It's peculiar. It feels like a character I created 30 years ago has somehow escaped the realm of fiction." (Lamont, par. 4).
Frank Miller, writer of “Sin City”, “300” and “Batman: Year One”, issued a statement on his personal website. He referred to the group “Occupy” as:
 Nothing but a pack of louts, thieves, and rapists, an unruly mob, fed by Woodstock-era nostalgia and putrid false righteousness. These clowns can do nothing but harm America.” (Miller, par. 1)
He went on to state that their movement was:
 “Nothing short of a clumsy, poorly-expressed attempt at anarchy, to the extent that the “movement” – HAH! Some “movement”, except if the word “bowel” is attached - is anything more than an ugly fashion statement by a bunch of iPhone, iPad wielding spoiled brats who should stop getting in the way of working people and find jobs for themselves.” (Miller, par. 2)
Miller, who is perhaps best known for his graphic novel “300” in which the Spartan army fights for “freedom”, angered many with his attack on the “Occupy” group. One of those he angered was fellow graphic novelist, David Brin, who took to his blog in retaliation to Miller’s comments with a complex analysis of Miller’s graphic novel “300”, saying:
 Uh, right.  Freedom. Sorry, but the word bears a heavy burden of irony when shouted by Spartans, who maintained one of the worst slave-states ever, treating the vast majority of their people as cattle, routinely quenching their swords in the bodies of poor, brutalized helots... who are never mentioned, even glimpsed, in the romanticized book or movie.”  (Brin, par. 9)
His attack at the “Occupy” movement came as quite a shock to those who are acquainted with his work. In his hugely successful “Batman: Year One”, Miller portrayed the Dark Knight visit Gotham City’s wealthiest citizens and tells them:
“You’ve eat Gotham’s wealth. It’s spirit. Your feast is nearly over. From this moment on, none of you are safe.” (Miller. 38)
Miller continues this ideology in his next graphic novel about the caped crusader, “The Dark Knight Returns”. Batman, having spent many years hiding away after a forced retirement from crime fighting, sees his world has grown out of control with street violence. Believing society has lost the ability to fix itself, Batman returns to take matters into his own hands. After assembling an army of vigilante youths, he takes the fight to the government so as to enforce his own law upon the streets of Gotham. The graphic novel’s President of the United States bears a remarkable resemblance to America’s President Ronald Reagan. Superman, who serves as this mock Reagan’s personal wrecking ball, is tasked by Reagan to end Batman, and his personal army’s uprising. As the two superheroes collide, the increasingly unstable Batman beats his opponent to within an inch of his life before faking his own death. Superman in this story, despite being a product of a far away planet, stands for America, and so his near defeat by Batman, a man who has always stood for the people of Gotham, is an allegory for the common man fighting back against the government.

The Middle East Debate
However, Frank Miller’s more recent work in “Holy Terror” is much more in tone with his attack on “Occupy”. Originally meant as another Batman story, “Holy Terror” sees “The Fixer” fighting against al-Qaida. Miller described the graphic novel as a piece of propaganda to remind people that America is still at war against terrorists. Spencer Ackerman from Wired magazine summed up Miller’s “Holy Terror” as:
A screed against Islam, completely uninterested in any nuance or empathy toward 1.2 billion people he conflates with a few murderous conspiracy theorists. It’s no accident that it’s being released ten years after 9/11. This comic would be unthinkable during the unity that the U.S. felt after the attack. Instead, it’s a perfect cultural artifact of this dark period in American life, when the FBI teaches its agents that “mainstream” Islam is indistinguishable from terrorism and a community center near Ground Zero gets labeled a “victory mosque.” (Ackerman, par. 3).
Joe Sacco is perhaps less known as a graphic novelist and more as a comics journalist. His 1996 graphic novel “Palestine” tells of Sacco’s experiences in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip between a two-month period of December 1991 and January 1992. His portrayal of the Palestinian people is all based on genuine meetings he had during his time there, focusing on the small details of life as a Palestinian during a difficult time in history. His brutal honesty and attention to detail throughout the book earned him the role of the pre-photography war artist.
Marjane Satrapi is an Iranian-born French Graphic novelist. Her autobiographical graphic novel “Persepolis” tells her childhood story as a young woman in Iran during the Islamic revolution. The story does not shy away from the heavily sexist nature of Islam in the 80s, such as the obligation for girls to wear a veil and being segregated by sex in her school. She discusses her desire to learn of revolutions and socialism, referring to Fidel Castro and Che Guevara as inspiration. Her favourite comic book “Dialectic Materialism”, now going by the name of “Marx for Beginners”, further inspires her to protest, even at such a young age. She is sat down by her parents and taught about the horrors her grandfather went through when imprisoned for communism. Since the graphic novel’s release, Iran has remained a troubled country, and in 2009, Marjane Satrapi updated “Persepolis” to include further information on Iran and the presidential election. Her work in “Persepolis” speaks powerfully from first hand experiences. She is able to give insight to an audience who may not be willing to read extensively on the subject. Graphic novels such as this open up opportunities for readers to hear powerful humanitarian messages.

Cat and Maus
Art Spiegelman’s “Maus” is a graphic novel depicting Spiegelman interviewing his father about his experiences as a holocaust survivor. The book depicts humans as various animals, with Germans as cats, Jewish people as mice and non-Jewish polish people as pigs.
Traversing the breach between past and present, Father and Son, language and image, manifest and latent, Spiegelman's Maus bears witness to the process of bearing witness” (Leventhal, par. 14)
From their experiences of anti-Semitism to their captivity in Auschwitz, Spiegelman’s shocking interpretation on the Holocaust through a comic medium earned it a place amongst the New York Times bestseller list.

Briggs and Nuclear Culture
Raymond Briggs is a well-known English Graphic Novelist. His work achieved critical and popular success amongst adults and children with most of his work catering to the latter. Just four years after his hugely successful “The Snowman”, Briggs shocked audiences with his dark graphic novel “When The Wind Blows”. “When The Wind Blows” tells the story of retired couple, Jim and Hilda Bloggs who, after experiencing a nuclear attack by the Soviet Union, decide to hide out in a makeshift fallout shelter for two weeks. However, they briefly go outside for some fresh air and rainwater, thus exposing themselves to a massive amount of radioactive fallout. Throughout the story, Jim’s optimistic outlook and Hilda’s attempt to carry on as if nothing had happened mask the fact that the pair are suffering from radiation sickness before eventually dying in each other’s arms. The graphic novel parodies the typical British stiff upper lip sensibility to ignore the reality of the situation, and Jim’s unshakeable belief that the government knows best expresses our desire to live in a false sense of security that everything will be ok. Although this was written over twenty years ago, its message still holds true in the present day with our society suffering from a financial crisis, and the constant reassurance that the government is working on it, so everything will be ok.

Gaiman on belief
Neil Gaiman has become a well-known name amongst the graphic novel industry in many ways thanks to his reimagining of Vertigo’s “The Sandman”. During an interview with Politics and Prose, he spoke about The Sandman series’ exploration of different mythologies saying:
I think that one of the biggest problems that faces us is that people don't understand each other's belief systems -- political, religious, or even recreational. The extreme end of that is war, of course. And it's a lot harder to demonise people if you know what they think or believe or dream.’ (Dannenfelser, par. 3).

Collins and the Prohibition era
Max Allan Collins’ graphic novel “Road to Perdition” tells the story of Michael O’Sullivan, a ruthless enforcer for John Rooney, a close associate of Al Capone. Set in the early 1930s, “Road to Perdition” explores the life of crime from the viewpoint of a relatively unimportant member of the mob. Like many of the crime films and novels surrounding the same era, “Road to Perdition” continues the strange procedure of romanticizing gangsters and life on the opposite side of the law. The graphic novel looks at the aspects of mob life, from gaining wealth from supplying illegal alcohol during the Prohibition era, to bribing the local police, giving the reader an insight into the issues of 1930s America in regards to the mob.

Enki Bilal on fascism
“The Nikopol Trilogy” is a series of three science fiction graphic novels written by Enki Bilal, set in 2023 the story follows Alcide Nikopol’s return to dystopian Paris after spending the last thirty years orbiting the Earth under cryopreservation. The Paris he returns to is one governed by fascist dictator J.F. Choublanc and is teeming with aliens. Throughout the trilogy, some of the themes that Bilal explores shift quite fervently, and yet some remain remarkably similar throughout.
In the first volume, Horus, the renegade Egyptian God, attempts to take control of Paris by possessing Nikopol Sr., and as Nikopol goes insane (as a result of being possessed by this overly ambitious God, as well as arriving to a completely different world after living in suspended animation in space for thirty years), he is replaced by his son, Nikopol Jr. simply because they look alike. In the final volume, Niko himself is mistaken for his father by Equatorial authorities and he is sent up to space (where it is hinted he will be staying for thirty years) and Nikopol, who has been taken for his son simply because of his appearance, starts a new life. In this sense, not only does Bilal use the same, postmodern approach to identity throughout his book, he also brings the trilogy “full circle”, as the end of the last graphic novel very closely and ironically resembles the end of the first.” (Berk, par. 7)
Research Methods
To be able to prove that the graphic novel can and should be taken seriously, and that they often engage in important political aspects of modern day life. I will read popular graphic novels such as Alan Moore’s “Watchmen” and “V for Vendetta”, Raymond Briggs’s “When the Wind Blows”, Marjane Satrapi’s “Persepolis”, Neil Gaiman’s “Sandman” and Art Spiegelman’s “Maus”. I will also look at some less popular graphic novels such as Joe Sacco’s “Palestine”, Sharon Rudahl’s “A Dangerous Woman: The Graphic Biography of Emma Goldman”, Emmanuel Guibert’s “The Photographer” and Brian Wright-McLeod’s “Red Power: A Graphic Novel”. Once I have studied these graphic novels I will begin to analyse the political debates that lay within.
In conjunction with this, I will also read journals and articles such as the Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics, which relate to the subject of how graphic novels engage in political debates, which I will find from reputable sources on the Internet, and in archives.  I will read interviews with graphic novel writers such as Alan Moore, Frank Miller, Art Spiegelman, Neil Gaiman and Raymond Briggs to gain insight into their own political motives. If no such interview exists, I shall attempt to make contact myself and conduct the interview first hand.
I feel that these methods of research are the best for the task as there is no better way to understand the political complexities of the graphic novel than to experience it first hand. The use of interviews with graphic novel writers will prove especially useful as once I know the political agendas of the writer, I will be able to apply that knowledge to their graphic novels and discover the meanings that are either obvious or sometimes hidden within their pages.
My role in the project will be lead researcher; I will be responsible for gathering the information and analysing it myself. I do not intend to employ the expertise of fellow researchers unless the situation demands an extra participant or I am unable to take the lead in the matter at hand, or if I feel that another viewpoint may be of use to me.

Plans for Dissemination
Upon completion of the project by the end of the year, the research results will be disseminated through the following ways:
·      A presentation of the research results at Salford University which will be open to members of staff and fellow students of the university
·      A publication of the research results in the Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics
·      A presentation of the research results at any relevant festivals or conventions
·      After publicising amongst several social media websites, I shall perform a video presentation to be uploaded to the Internet.
·      I shall accompany this by uploading the research to my own personal website which shall be linked to the video presentation.
·      I shall contact local businesses that sell graphic novels and comic books with the intention of advertising my research.
·      This could lead to the opportunity to present my research to the public in certain stores that sell graphic novels.

Impact and Public Engagement
The graphic novel as a form of literature has already begun to be viewed seriously thanks to works from the likes of Alan Moore, Neil Gaiman, Art Spiegelman and Frank Millar, and with the help of this project, I hope the graphic novel will further its claim to be taken as a serious form of literature. The stigma that is attached to the graphic novel that they consist of only superhero stories for comic book fans and children, and thus should not be taken seriously is very damaging to the graphic novel industry. The main goal for this project is to help change opinions and open up the graphic novel to the mainstream market by showing to the public that the graphic novel has as much to say about serious political agendas as prose or poetry.
One of the most important outcomes for the destruction of the stigma that surrounds the graphic novel will hopefully be to enhance its inclusion in education. Already, there are some schools that use the graphic novel as a way of teaching English to children and adults. These appear to have recognised the benefits of using the combination of the written word and the use of the graphic medium to help the student to understand the context in which a word is used. This is particularly valuable in a world that theoretically recognises that we all have different learning styles.
The graphic novel can also be used in schools to bring students together. In Shari Sabeti’s “The irony of ‘cool club’: the place of the comic book reading in schools”, she discusses how she noticed several students in the library reading graphic novels together. The librarian subtly mocked the students for their reading preferences, so Shari decided to form a graphic novel reading club. After a while, the students that attended named it the ‘cool club’, and during her time at the school, Shari noted how the bond these students had formed over their fondness for the graphic novel had made them all close friends. The librarian at the school had looked down on these students for their interest in what she thought to be juvenile literature. Had it not been for Shari Sabeti and her desire to bring these students together with the graphic novel ‘cool club’, then it is likely these students would have never formed their close bonds of friendship and may never have nurtured their interest in reading. With the help of this project, and the increasing number of intelligent graphic novels, my hope is for more schools to realise their potential and form their own graphic novel clubs.
As the graphic novel shifts into a more serious status in society, there stands the potential that more people will look past the stigmatism into the genre as a source of education as well as entertainment, and will encourage other writers to experiment with this as a mode of propagating their own work.

Works Cited

Moore, Alan. V for Vendetta, New York, DC Comics, 1988. 6. Print.

Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis, New York, Pantheon Books, 2003. Print.

Spiegelman, Art. Maus, New York, Pantheon Books, 1991. Print.

Moore, Alan. Watchmen, New York, DC Comics, 1987. Print.

Briggs, Raymond. When the Wind Blows, Middlesex, Penguin Books Ltd, 1982. Print.

Sabeti, Shari. “The irony of ‘cool club’: the place of the comic book reading in schools”. Journal of Graphic Novels and Comics 2.2. 138. (2011)

Kirkman, Robert. The Walking Dead, California, Skybound Entertainment, 2003. Print.

Abraham, Daniel. Game of Thrones, New Jersey, Dynamite Entertainment, 2011. Print.

Warner, Chris. Star Wars Infinities, Oregon, Dark Horse Comics, 2002. Print.

Maxwell, Tom. Holy academia, Batman! Scots universities offer courses in comics. Web. 11.04.2013.
<http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/uk/scotland/article2632579.ece>

Stokes. The Political Message of Watchmen. Web. 14.04.2013.
<http://www.overthinkingit.com/2009/03/07/the-political-message-of-watchmen/>

Moore, Alan. From Hell, London, Knockabout Comics, 1999. Print.

Gafford, Sam. Casebook: Jack the Ripper – From Hell: A Discussion of the Moore/Campbell Series. Web. 01.04.2013.
<http://www.casebook.org/dissertations/dst-fromhell.html>

Lewis, Paul. You’re being watched: there’s one CCTV camera for every 32 people in UK. Web. 25.03.2013
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2011/mar/02/cctv-cameras-watching-surveillance>

Gopalan, Nisha. Alan Moore Still Knows the Score! Web. 08.04.2013.
<http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20213004_5,00.html>

San Miguel, Ane. “Graphic Novels and Films as Cultural and Political Values Driven Tools”. (2012) Web. 25.04.2013
<http://www.academia.edu/2619379/GRAPHIC_NOVELS_AND_FILMS_AS_CULTURAL_AND_POLITICAL_VALUES_DRIVEN_TOOLS>

James McTeigue Interview. Web. 08.04.2013
<http://v-for-vendetta.wikispaces.com/1.1+James+McTeigue+interview>

Moore, Alan. League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, New York, DC Comics, 1999. Print.

Beat, The. A for Alan, Pt. 1: The Alan Moore Interview. Web. 25.04.2013
<http://web.archive.org/web/20060505034142/http://www.comicon.com/thebeat/2006/03/a_for_alan_pt_1_the_alan_moore.html>

Lamont, Tom. Alan Moore – meet the man behind the protest mask. Web. 25.04.2013
<http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/nov/27/alan-moore-v-vendetta-mask-protest>

Miller Frank. Sin City, Oregon, Dark Horse Comics, 1991. Print.

Miller, Frank. 300, Oregon, Dark Horse Comics, 1998. Print.

Miller, Frank. Batman: Year One, New York, DC Comics, 1986. 38. Print.

Miller, Frank. Anarchy. Web. 24.04.13
<http://frankmillerink.com/2011/11/anarchy>

Brin, David. Roll over, Frank Miller: or why the Occupy Wall Street Kids are Better than the #$%! Spartans. Web. 24.04.13
<http://davidbrin.blogspot.co.uk/2011/11/move-over-frank-miller-or-why-occupy.html>

Miller, Frank. The Dark Knight Returns, New York, DC Comics, 1986. Print.

Miller, Frank. Holy Terror, California, Legendary Comics, 2011. Print.

Ackerman, Spencer. Frank Miller’s Holy Terror Is Fodder for Anti-Islam Set. Web. 24.04.2013
<http://www.wired.com/underwire/2011/09/holy-terror-frank-miller/>

Sacco, Joe. Palestine, Washington, Fantagraphics, 1996. Print.

Del Rio, Eduardo. Marx for Beginners, New York, Pantheon Books, 1976. Print.

Leventhal, Robert. Art Spiegelman’s MAUS: Working-Through The Trauma of the Holocaust. Web. 02.03.2013
<http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/holocaust/spiegelman.html>

Gaiman, Neil. The Sandman, New York, DC Comics, 1989. Print.

Dannenfelser, Heather. 10 Questions with Neil Gaiman. Web. 18.04.2013.
<http://www.politics-prose.com/10-questions/10-questions-neil-gaiman-0>

Allan Collins, Max. Road to Perdition. New York, Paradox Press, 1998. Print.

Bilal, Enki. The Nikopol Trilogy, Paris, Les Humanoïdes Associés, 1980. Print.

Berk. FA  II – The Nikopol Trilogy. Web. 05.05.2013
<http://exclusivelycomics.wordpress.com/2012/12/07/fa-ii-the-nikopol-trilogy/>

Rudahl, Sharon. A Dangerous Woman: The Graphic Biography of Emma Goldman, New York, The New Press, 2007. Print.

Guibert, Emmanuel. The Photographer, Germany, First Second, 2003. Print.

Wright-McLeod, Brian. Red Power: A Graphic Novel, Montreal, Fifth House Publishers, 2011. Print.


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